Cross elasticity is higher the more perfect two goods are as substitutes

Since 1990, the aggregate emissions of criteria air pollutants have decreased 59 percent despite

a. population increasing 24 percent. b. gross domestic product (or aggregate production in the USA) increasing 65 percent. c. vehicle-miles traveled increasing 40 percent. d. energy consumption increasing 15 percent. e. All of the above. f. None of the above.

Mortgage insurance protects lenders when a borrower defaults by making up any shortfall needed to repay the loan if the sale of the property doesn't cover the debt Federally regulated lenders must have mortgage insurance on loans where the buyer's down payment is less than 20 per cent of the price. In this example, what signal do potential homeowners give to indicate they are low-risk?

A) indicating high income B) buying an expensive home C) having a large down payment D) buying an inexpensive home