The excitation-transfer theory suggests that arousal from one experience can transfer to a second, unrelated situation

In one study, researchers showed men and women stereotypical and counter-stereotypical commercials before having them take a hard math test. Researchers found that:

a. only women who were bad at math did worse than men. b. women scored worse than men when exposed to both the stereotypical and counter-stereotypical commercials. c. men and women performed equally regardless of the type of commercial shown. d. women performed worse than men when exposed to stereotypical commercials and equally well when exposed to counter-stereotypical commercials.

The second stage of childbirth

a. ends when the woman is ready to "push" during contractions. b. ends with the birth of the fetus. c. usually lasts only a few seconds. d. ends when the placenta is delivered.