Kohlberg’s characterization of moral reasoning that is focused on avoiding punishment or gaining rewards is called

a. conventional morality.
b. post-conventional morality.
c. behavioral morality.
d. preconventional morality.

Answer: d. preconventional morality

Psychology

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Erikson's model is ________

Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).

Psychology

Kara, a 2-year-old, is a participant in a research study on infant temperament. Which of the following characteristics is most likely to be assessed in this study?

a. Kara's attention span b. Kara's memory for objects c. Kara's social behaviors d. Kara's alertness on mental tasks

Psychology