Freud considered the distinction between manifest content and latent content essential for

Who is clinically dead?

a. John, who is not responsive to pain b. Naomi, who is not breathing and whose heart is not beating c. Helga, who exhibits no cortical functioning d. John, Naomi, and Helga, would all be considered clinically dead.

People who realize ____ are able to cultivate positive expectations when they see connections between their efforts and outcomes. In order to do this, they must challenge pessimistic causal attributional explanatory styles

a. learned optimism c. restraint coping b. active coping d. positive reinterpretation