Which of the following is a reason why the money demand curve might shift?
a. an increase in the interest rate
b. a change in the money supply
c. open market purchases of bonds by the Federal Reserve
d. changes in the required reserve ratio
e. new methods of making payments that replace money
E
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People who live in apartment buildings across from a football stadium are able to watch football games from the balconies of their apartments instead of paying for tickets to sit inside the stadium. For these free riders, the football games are
A) rival and excludable. B) rival and nonexcludable. C) nonrival and excludable. D) nonrival and nonexcludable.
The primary function of the reserve requirements imposed by the Fed upon commercial banks is to
A) assure that Federal Reserve Banks will receive deposits with which they can purchase income-earning assets. B) enable the government to borrow in emergencies. C) protect the liquidity of the banking and monetary system. D) protect the solvency of the commercial banking system. E) serve as a control lever for central banking authorities.