Why are the bonds held by the Fed and government agencies excluded from the privately held debt figures?
a. The U.S. Treasury does not have to pay off these bonds.
b. These bonds were not issued by the U.S. Treasury.
c. These bonds do not create a net-interest obligation for the federal government.
d. These bonds are not interest-bearing bonds.
C
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Monopoly profits lead to technological process by
A) increasing the amount of human capital in the economy. B) firms lobbying Congress for protection of their monopolies. C) carefully investing deadweight loss. D) encouraging the development of innovations by firms attempting to break a monopoly.
College students who increase their human capital by acquiring the skills required for certain occupations typically earn higher incomes than high school graduates. This is called:
A. the learning effect of a college education. B. the signaling effect of a college education. C. the discriminatory effect of a college education. D. None of these