In the middle of the 1950s, the advent of psychotropic medications led to what large scale movement in the mental health industry?
a. The ability of the pharmaceutical industry to claim "victory" over mental illness.
b. The ability of medical insurance companies to start influencing the decisions of treatment professionals.
c. The ability of people to overcome mental illnesses without seeking any sort of psychotherapy at all.
d. The ability of patients in large mental institutions and facilities to be released.
Answer: D
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In the Stanford prison study, male college students agreed to participate in a two-week experiment to discover what would happen when they took on the roles of prisoners and guards. How did those assigned the role of "prisoner" respond?
a. Within a short time the prisoners became distressed and felt helpless, developing emotional symptoms and physical ailments. b. About five percent of the guards became tyrannical, so prisoners were slow in obeying their orders. c. Prisoners cooperated with the 90 percent of the guards tried to be "tough but fair.". d. The study was conducted in an unused wing of a real prison; therefore, the realistic atmosphere enhanced the role behavior of prisoners and guards.
What represents a distortion in a researcher's observation?
a) observer expectancy b) observer drift c) observer bias d) the Pygmalion effect