Eight-year-old Romeo went with his father to buy some fruit. His father kept walking up and down each aisle. Romeo took his father's hand and steered him on a shorter route to get to the produce aisle. Romeo was effectively using

Some developmentalists believe that adolescent egocentrism

is a selfish, immature attitude. may signal growth toward cognitive maturity. is not supported by recent research. is more common in boys than in girls.

A student has a test coming up. Based on the principle of encoding specificity, it would be best for the student to study the classroom material

a. in as distinctive a setting as possible. b. as he normally does, listening to music, eating snacks, and lying in bed. c. under conditions that will be similar to those under which he will be tested. d. by repeating the material in the same order during each study session.