The type of local government that has decreased the most in numbers since the 1940s is:

In contrast to a single-group, pretest-posttest design, participants in a within-subjects design

A) respond to a fixed order of presentations of the independent variable. B) respond to a fixed order of presentations of the dependent variable. C) are presented with the independent variable only once. D) respond in two or more conditions and the order of presentation of conditions is not necessarily fixed.

Sally is writing an introduction to a research paper. She has just finished reviewing previous literature on the topic. What would you recommend that Sally do next in her introduction?

a. explain problems or inconsistencies in the literature b. explain gaps in the literature c. articulate tension areas in the literature d. all of the above