The analysis of economic outcomes before and after some economic variable is changed is referred to as:

Parity pricing and target pricing differ in that

a. consumers pay a higher than equilibrium price under parity pricing and a lower than equilibrium price under target pricing b. consumers pay a higher than equilibrium price under target pricing and a lower than equilibrium price under parity pricing c. parity pricing generates an excess supply of farm goods while target pricing generates an excess demand d. parity pricing generates an excess demand for farm goods while target pricing generates an excess supply e. under parity pricing, consumer demand determines price while under target pricing, market supply determines the price

Most loopholes in the income tax system

A. are more likely to be exploited by the wealthy. B. make it more progressive. C. were created by the tax reforms instituted in 1986. D. do not affect the economic decisions of the people who benefit from them.