The theory suggesting that people need to maintain their desired level of involvement in society in order to maximize their sense of well-being and self-esteem is called __________

According to the chapter They Don't Look the Same to Meabout homogeneity and heterogeneity biases,

why are out-group members who are angry at us more likely to be a threat than in-group members who are angry at us? (a) Out-group members have no history with us making them more likely to harm us (b) Out- group members will worry more than in-group members about upsetting our family and friends (c) Out- group members have to worry more than in-group members about cooperating with us in the future (d) All out-group members are more hostile than in-group members because they often come from less advanced cultures

We can know that an event is reinforcing

a. if the client desires it. b. when it is generalizable. c. after it has occurred. d. only if it is adaptive.