People are often well aware of how shaping can develop problem behaviors

Lisa reads her horoscope every day to see what the day will bring. Once her morning paper didn't come and Lisa was frantic

However could she make any decisions? She decided to stay home from work so that she wouldn't do anything wrong. Rotter would argue that Lisa has __________ a) poor self-efficacy. b) learned helplessness. c) a faulty history of reinforcement contingencies. d) an external locus of control.

In recent years, physical education classes in school

A) have become longer and more rigorous. B) are more likely to be required of all students. C) are taken by fewer than one-third of students. D) are more popular among older adolescents.