What factors foster resilience in middle childhood?

What will be an ideal response?

Throughout middle childhood, children encounter challenging and sometimes threatening situations that require them to cope with psychological stress. Yet only a modest relationship exists between stressful life experiences and psychological disturbance in childhood. Some children manage to overcome school difficulties, family transitions, the experience of war, and child maltreatment. Rather than a preexisting attribute, resilience is a capacity that develops, enabling children to use internal and external resources to cope with adversity. Four broad factors protect against maladjustment: 1. the child's personal characteristics, including an easy temperament and a mastery-oriented approach to new situations; 2. a warm parental relationship; 3. an adult outside the immediate family who offers a support system; and 4. community resources, such as good schools, social services, and youth organizations and recreation centers. Often just one or a few of these ingredients account for why one child is stress-resilient and another is not. Usually, however, personal and environmental factors are interconnected: Each resource favoring resilience strengthens others. For example, safe, stable neighborhoods with family-friendly community services reduce parents' daily hassles and stress, thereby promoting good parenting.