"The Arab-Israeli conflict has always been the main point of tension in the Middle East." Explain this statement, and discuss whether you agree or disagree with the argument. In your discussion, take into account the recent developments in the Middle East. What alternative do you think could be labeled as the main conflict dynamic in the Middle East? Be sure to include at least one relevant example in your answer.

What will be an ideal response?

The ideal answer should include:
1. Explain the statement. Students should note that the Arab-Israeli conflict created a general anti-Israel alignment of the Arab countries for decades.
2. Discuss whether you agree or disagree with the argument. Students might point out that the alignment among Arab nations broke down as Egypt in 1978 and then Jordan in 1994 made peace with Israel; Arab countries continue to express varying degrees of solidarity with each other and opposition to Israel; Israel fought a month-long war with Hezbollah guerrillas in southern Lebanon in 2006; and Israel fought Hamas militants in Gaza in 2008 and 2012.
3. Provide an alternative source of tension in the Middle East today. For example, the main conflict dynamic in the Middle East is now the opposition of Shi'ite and Sunni countries, centered on Iran and Saudi Arabia. The civil war in Syria that spread to neighboring Iraq embodies that split, as does the civil war in Yemen, with Iran and Saudi Arabia fighting a proxy war using opposing groups.
4. Provide a concise summary and effective conclusion.