Meredith has been having a great amount of difficulty falling asleep at night. She lays in her bed for one or two hours before getting close to sleep, and despite the fact that she stays there it is often 3 hours before she nods off. This has been an on and off problem for months, and is starting to cause serious disruption to her life. Meredith may be suffering from

Posner, Snyder, and Davidson's research showed that, if a visual stimulus occurs where we

do not expect it to occur, a. we are unable to detect it at all. b. we are able to detect it as quickly as we would if it appeared where we expected it to. c. we are able to detect it more quickly than we would if it appeared where we expected it to. d. we are slower to detect it than we would be if it appeared where we expected it to. e. we are able to detect it immediately.

Ashley and her brother, Tim, react to stressful family situations entirely differently

Ashley is easily frustrated and tends to look at the negative side when things go wrong, while Tim has always been a person who enjoys challenges and feels capable of responding effectively no matter what the situation. Tim is demonstrating a) hardiness. b) coping style. c) emotion-focused coping. d) defensive coping.