Which one or more of the following devices are used in combination with metered dose inhaler (MDI) therapy to reduce the need for hand-breathing coordination and oropharyngeal impaction of aerosolized drugs?
1. Reservoir devices
2. One-way spacers
3. Valved holding chambers
4. Drying chambers
a. 1 and 3 only
b. 1, 2, and 3 only
c. 3 and 4 only
d. 2, 3, and 4 only
ANS: B
Reservoir devices, including both holding chambers with one-way inspiratory valves and simple, nonvalved spacer devices, are often added to an MDI to reduce the need for complex hand-breathing coordination and to reduce oropharyngeal impaction of the aerosol drug.
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