A fixed exchange rate regime enhances the power of a country's central bank

If X transferable emissions permits are issued and there are n potential polluters,

A) the government must initially assign each of the potential polluters X/n permits. B) the government must assign X/n permits to each potential polluter and check periodically that those permits have not moved. C) emissions will be the same whether or not the permits are split equally, so long as none of the permits are issued outside the group. D) emissions will be the same no matter who receives them first, so long as the recipient is willing and able to participate in the permit market. E) emissions will be less if the permits are given initially to firms with lower abatement costs.

Positive externalities arise when

A) an unprofitable firm is shut down. B) a profitable firm is regulated. C) tax rates are reduced. D) production of a good generates benefits that spill over to third parties.