Everyone agrees that low turnout is a problem

Which element of Fearon's argument flows from his concept of the international system as anarchic?

a. States may lack capabilities to launch preventive wars. b. The presence of hierarchy limits negotiated agreements between states. c. Preventive wars are a rational response to a state's inability to trust another state. d. It is through disorder and chaos that hierarchical structure emerges. e. Anarchy precludes order, thereby negating any possibility of cooperation between states.

Unconventional or irregular conflicts generally describe

a. the introduction of nuclear weapons into interstate conflict. b. massed armies engaging each other in close quarter, as in World War I. c. the introduction of chemical or biological weapons into interstate conflict. d. conflict where combatants on each side avoid pitched battles with one another.