Negative reinforcement involves
a. the learning of a new response.
b. the removal of an aversive stimulus.
c. decreasing the likelihood of certain future behaviors.
d. providing an unpleasant stimulus periodically during the day.
e. pairing an old reflex with a new stimulus.
b. the removal of an aversive stimulus.
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Self theories emphasize
social forces. sexual or racial discrimination. the core self. circumscribed opportunities.
In a test of the evolutionary theory proposed by David Buss, researchers asked men and women to predict their willingness to date individuals portrayed in pictures. The pictures had accompanying salary figures, ranging from low to high
How did men and women rate their willingness to date depending on salary figures? a) Men and women were equally and significantly more willing to date individuals who were at the highest salary level. b) Women were more willing to date those at the highest salary levels, whereas salary was a less important variable for men. c) Contrary to predictions from evolutionary theory, facial features were more powerful influences on willingness to date; salary had little influence for both sexes. d) When attractiveness was equal, salary made no difference; however, salary had to be extremely high for participants to consider dating someone who was not considered attractive.