“Countries always have few parties WHEN THEY EMPLOY MAJORITARIAN ELECTORAL RULES.” Are the conditions shown in capital letters sufficient or necessary to produce the effects described?

National elections have, on average, become less competitive over the last few decades

Indicate whether the statement is true or false

In writing the majority opinion in United States v. Windsor (2013), on what constitutional principle did Justice Kennedy base the decision to overturn the Defense of Marriage Act?

a. the Fourteenth Amendment's equal protection guarantees – b. the First Amendment's protection of freedom of association c. the Fifth Amendment's protections against the deprivations of equal liberty d. the Tenth Amendment's reserve power protections