Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) The relationship between managerial ownership and firm value is unlikely to be the same for every firm, or even for different executives of the same firm.
B) Even with the risk benefits of separating ownership and control, there are still examples of corporations in which the top managers have substantial ownership interests.
C) Academic studies do not support the notion that greater managerial ownership is associated with fewer value-reducing actions by managers.
D) While increasing managerial ownership may reduce perquisite consumption, it also makes managers harder to fire—thus reducing the incentive effect of the threat of dismissal.

C
Explanation: C) Academic studies have supported the notion that greater managerial ownership is associated with fewer value-reducing actions by managers.