Al-Ghazzali writes that real friendship includes material aid, personal support, a

Historically, the research on differences in intelligence scores across races was problematic

According to Stephen Jay Gould, in Samuel George Morton's nineteenth century research on skull sizes and intelligence, Morton a. created his sample of skulls in a way that guaranteed that he would find what he expected to find. b. knew that his methodology was flawed, so he altered his data to reflect what he thought was true. c. kept poor records, so nobody could contest his findings. d. accurately measured skulls sizes of people of European and Asian descent, but he consistently underestimated the skull sizes of people of African descent.

Gender stratification hypothesis suggests that gender differences are related to cultural variations in opportunity structures for girls and women

a) True b) False