Conditioning principles have been applied successfully in advertising. In an effective advertisement, the product or service being promoted is usually a:

A researcher wants to collect information about how the sex-role identities of 1st-, 3rd-, 5th-, and 7th-grade children differ. What type of research design is she likely to use?

a) cohort b) longitudinal c) correlational d) cross-sectional

June is interested in ascertaining relationships between violent television viewing in children

and their aggressive responses in a laboratory setting. To maximize her treatment effect, she exposes children in the violent television viewing group to 20 minutes of spliced together, uninterrupted violence. After the procedures are conducted, June documents that the children who watched the violent programming were 3 times more likely to exhibit aggression than children in the other groups. What possible concern might most realistically arise regarding this study? A) The children in the violent television viewing group may have become addicted to violent television and may want to watch such television programming when they go home. B) The study has poor internal validity because June did not get strong results. C) The study may have low external validity because the manipulation was not realistic of what one would typically encounter in the real world. D) The study results should not be trusted because of the correlational design.