Which of the following is an example of normative conformity?
a) A soldier shoots enemy women and children on orders from his commanding officer.
b) A policeman beats a prisoner to force a confession on orders of his commanding officer.
c) Passengers move to the back of the bus as soon as the driver tells them to.
d) Stan has thrown away all of his old ties and bought new ones to "be in style."
ANS: D, Normative conformity is driven by our desire to fit in with a crowd. In this case, Stan wants to be seen as stylish and hip in the eyes of his peers.
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Which one of these statements about shaping is correct?
a. Experience indicates that food is the best reinforcer to use when shaping a behavior. b. Shaping is the reinforcement of successive approximations at regular time intervals. c. Shaping is a formal training procedure, but something like it occurs in the outside world. d. The criteria for a successful response remains constant throughout the shaping procedure. e. Shaping is a type of observational learning.
One path for achieving self-actualization was through the attainment of
A) desired reinforcers. B) gratification of the id. C) peak experiences. D) gratification of the superego.