So-called precommitments are effective ways of fighting:

In a Malthusian world, what events would improve permanently the standard of living, as measured by output per capita?

A) a peace keeping mission B) an increase in violent crime C) a new mutation of germs D) a new sewer system

The Fed purchases $200 worth of government bonds from the public. The reserve requirement is 12.5 percent, people hold no currency, and the banking system keeps no excess reserves. The U.S. money supply eventually increases by

a. $25. b. between $200 and $300. c. $1,600. d. $2,500.