What are the two principal types of organizational learning strategies proposed by James March?

What will be an ideal response?

James March has proposed that two principal types of organizational learning strategies can be pursued: exploration and exploitation.

Exploration: Exploration involves organizational members searching for and experimenting with new kinds or forms of organizational activities and procedures to increase effectiveness. Learning that involves exploration might involve finding new ways to manage the environment—such as experimenting with the use of strategic alliances and network organizations—or inventing new kinds of organizational structures for managing organizational resources—such as product team structures and cross-functional teams.

Exploitation: Exploitation involves organizational members learning ways to refine and improve existing organizational activities and procedures to increase effectiveness. Learning that involves exploitation might involve implementing a total quality management program to promote the continuous refinement of existing operating procedures, or developing an improved set of rules to perform specific kinds of functional activities more effectively.

Exploration is therefore a more radical learning strategy than exploitation, although both must be used together to increase organizational effectiveness.