Define and contrast particularistic and cosmopolitan NGOs. Give an example of each NGO. What are the four major weaknesses of these NGOs? How are these weaknesses offset by the strengths of these organizations?

What will be an ideal response?

Answers should explain that particularistic groups are focused on specific policy issues or areas. Cosmopolitan NGOs address transnational problems that affect people globally. Examples will vary. Answers should identify the four major weaknesses of NGOs as limited resources that force groups to solicit private donations, lack of formal contacts with governments, inevitable decisions among NGOs with contrary or competing claims on governments that neutralize the groups’ overall impact, and a democratic deficit created by a lack of elected representation and openness in decision-making. Answers should also identify the strengths of NGOs: their direct links to citizens at all levels of government, their sense of shared values among their members, and the expertise of members that lends credibility and leverage when they attempt to influence government officials.