According to the IGM poll, most economists think that the crowding out effects were stronger than the stimulative effects of ARRA

The main explanation for why the cheap foreign labor argument is a poor reason for restricting international trade is that:

a. workers who get paid less tend to have lower productivity than those who get paid more. b. all firms and workers gain when there are no restrictions on international trade. c. infant industries such as steel and automobiles need to be protected. d. specialization and free trade usually raise the prices of all the traded goods, so that the workers can get paid more. e. labor costs tend to be the same worldwide in the long run because of worker mobility.

Fixed costs are best defined as: a. costs that do not vary with output

b. costs that vary with output. c. the sum of all marginal costs. d. the change in total cost when one more unit of output is produced.