“Smoking increases the probability of getting cancer.” Is this a scientific statement?

Which of the following is a problem historically faced by central cities?

A. They have high crime rates. B. Their population has been constantly increasing. C. They have more "low cost citizens." D. They have smaller tax bases. E. They have poor infrastructure.

The official government measure of poverty has been criticized because___________

A. it does not take into account regional variations in the cost of living B. the change in actual cost of food and other items are not taken into account C. the multiplier is artificially low D. all of the above E. none of the above