What was the Supreme Court's rationale in the Civil Rights Cases (1883) for why Congress could not prohibit discrimination in public accommodations?
a. Congress cannot regulate public accommodations because they involve interstate commerce.
b. Congress cannot regulate public accommodations because they tend to be owned by private individuals.
c. Congress cannot regulate public accommodations because it lacks the authority to spend money without the permission of the states.
d. Congress cannot prohibit discrimination because doing so violates the First Amendment right to freedom of speech.
Answer: b
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Mahatma Gandhi
a. led the movement for the independence of India with a strategy of nonviolent civil disobedience, non-cooperation, and symbolic actions. b. argued strongly for the separation of Hindus and Muslims and advocated the creation of both India and Pakistan for the different religions. c. was the first Hindu prime minister of India and preserved close ties between India and Great Britain. d. rejected the idea that India needed independence from Britain, and called for a voice in parliament and economic freedom instead.
Liberal theorists argued, prior to World War I, that war seemed obsolete in part because countries could not afford it. Their arguments against war did not stop there, however. Some of their other arguments even won popularity again in the 1970s. What
did these include? a. the idea that changes in the balance of power were never a true cause of conflict between states b. ideas about using smarter diplomatic means of shifting regional balances of power c. the idea that international institutions would come to dominate world politics over time d. arguments involving the increasing economic interdependence of states, and the increasing of transnational social and political ties.