One suggested cause of bipolar disorder is an increase in

brain structures related to emotions, including the amygdala. Additionally, some research has suggested that unusually high levels of norepinephrine activity are also responsible for the symptoms of this illness. On the contrary, it is possible that the illness causes these changes in brain areas and neurotransmitters. This uncertain direction of effect demonstrates which of the six principles mentioned in your chapter?
A) Extraordinary claims
B) Correlation vs. causation
C) Occam's Razor
D) Replicability

Answer: B

Psychology

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When rats are exposed to stress in the lab, they exhibit signs of depression and evidence that the concentration of chemicals in their brains have been changed. These chemicals are known collectively as _________

Answer:

Psychology

According to Freud, during the first 18 months of life, the dominant source of sensual pleasure is the ______

a. genitals c. mouth b. hands d. anus

Psychology