Nontraumatic vertebral artery subarachnoid hemorrhage:

Police have called for EMS assistance at the home of a 78-year-old woman. The patient's daughter called 911 after her mother stated that she "didn't want to live anymore." The police officer tells you, "I don't think she'd actually hurt herself, since she's almost 80 years old." Which of the following is an appropriate response to this statement?

A) "You're right, she probably wouldn't. Let me see if she wants to sign a refusal of care form." B) "Actually, elderly patients have a high rate of depression and suicide." C) "I don't think she needs a hospital evaluation; the daughter can take her to her primary physician." D) "She may be being abused; you should question the daughter about it."

On routine radiographic examination, an asymptomatic 0.5 cm radiolucent lesion was found at the apex of tooth no. 24 in a 37-year-old woman. The pulp tested vital. This lesion is most likely which of the following?

a. Condensing osteitis b. Periapical granuloma c. Periapical scar d. Focal sclerosing osteitis e. Periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia