Imagine that you are suffering from severe pain and that you have the opportunity to request a drug to alleviate the pain. Which of the following drugs should you ask for?
A) an opiate that produces analgesia only at high doses
B) naloxone
C) caffeine
D) an opiate that produces analgesia at low doses
E) a drug that blocks GABA receptors
Answer: D
Rationale: The best choice to alleviate pain would be an opiate that produces analgesia at low doses.
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Most people, if asked to judge which family is more likely--family A with three children consisting of an firstborn daughter, a son in the middle and a lastborn daughter or family B with three daughters--most people will judge that family A is more likely to occur. However, the odds for either family A or B is the exactly same, 12.5%. However, the prototype of "family with three children" held by most people consists a family with both sons and daughters in any order (which make up 75% of families with three children). Thus the unconscious prototype that people have of a family of three children leads them to overestimate the probability that a family will have exactly a daughter, son, and daughter. This reasoning error illustrates:
a. the gambler's fallacy. b. the availability heuristic. c. the representativeness heuristic. d. confirmation bias.
A cherry-sized endocrine gland called the pineal gland hangs down from the hypothalamus
Indicate whether this statement is true or false.