A group of medical students is learning the criteria used to diagnose cognitive disorders. The professor is discussing evidence of disturbances of consciousness along with cognitive deficits such as memory deficits

In 1908, Hermann Ebbinghaus wrote that "Psychology has a long past, but only a short history." Which statement best captures the idea that Ebbinghaus was expressing?

a. Psychologists, like philosophers, have difficulty learning from their mistakes. b. Questions about human nature have existed for a long time, but only recently have the methods necessary to answer them been developed. c. The field of psychology has existed for a long time, but only recently have scholars recorded the accomplishments of the profession. d. Although psychologists have been doing laboratory research for hundreds of years, little of substance has been discovered about human nature.

Shannon is terrified of spiders. To overcome her fear, she enters a program whereby she has to repeatedly go into a room that contains spiders. This therapy is known as __________

a. habituation b. flooding c. shaping d. discrimination