Which of the following refers to visualizing one thing in terms of another?

Cissy looks up a number in the phone book, pushes the book away, and then dials the number. Why does she discourage any interpretations during this process?

a) Information last only about 30 seconds in the short term memory b) Information only lasts about 5 seconds in short term memory c) short term memory can only store visual information d) short term memory cannot hold more than one item

A decrease in the rate of reinforcement on one component of a multiple reinforcement schedule that results in an increase in rate of response on the other component is a(n) ________.

a. discriminatory contrast b. positive contrast effect c. anticipatory contrast d. negative contrast effect