In order to increase the probability that a competing response will be used, a psychologist reviews with Amy all the situations in which her habit of nail-biting occurs, and the problems it may have caused. Which component of a habit reversal procedure is being used?

Which of the following emotions might Sven, an exchange student from Europe, have the most difficulty recognizing in his Peruvian hosts?

a) surprise b) happiness c) anger d) jealousy

Normally, when food is placed in the mouth of any animal, the salivary glands start releasing saliva to help with chewing and digestion. In terms of Pavlov's analysis of learning, salivation would be referred to as __________

a) an unconditioned response. b) a voluntary response. c) a conditioned response. d) a digestive reflux.