Which of the following delivered the Supreme Court's decision in the Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka case?

One way that lobbyists increase the credibility of their messages is by

a. threatening electoral retaliation against any politician who disagrees with them. b. hiring scientists or scholars to testify at congressional hearings to back technical claims made by the lobbyists. c. repeatedly using phrases such as “studies have shown.” d. taking public officials on exotic vacations or “junkets.”

How do individual and institutional forces affect turnout in the United States?

What will be an ideal response?