Messages based on long-simmering negative thoughts about a partner which are communicated by sarcasm, name-calling, hostile humor, and mockery illustrate which type of disconfirming message according to John M. Gottman?

“Dream of teachers who teach for life and not for living. Dream of doctors who are

concerned more about public health than private wealth. Dream of lawyers more concerned about justice than a judgeship. Dream of preachers who are concerned more about prophecy than profiteering.” These lines from Jesse Jackson’s 1988 speech to the Democratic National Convention are examples of a. antithesis b. repetition c. mnemonic phrasing d. all of the above e. none of the above

Changing our communication style so that we can be more effective communicators in another culture is known as ________.

A. code switching B. semantics C. translation D. language acquisition