Which of the following is a factor that an organization considers as part of its task environment?

With regard to bid pricing, a marketing manager should be aware that:

A) the customer is always required to accept the lowest bid. B) since it costs very little to submit a bid, most firms try to bid for as many jobs as possible. C) the same overhead charges and profit rates usually apply to all bids. D) a big problem is estimating all the costs--including the variable and fixed costs that apply to a particular job. E) All of these alternatives are correct.

Which of the following is a major threat facing the brick-and-mortar manufacturers when they add an e-commerce channel?

A) It creates the possibility of a backlash from the existing intermediaries. B) It increases the likelihood of product cannibalization. C) Successful implementation leads to a significant increase in operational costs. D) It significantly increases the resource requirements of the organization. E) E-commerce channels often have low potential for attracting customers.