The stimulus that reliably precedes the unconditioned stimulus in the classical procedure is called the __________ stimulus (CS).

Thirty-year-old Plato the Younger, apparently suffering from severe depression, was taken to Hippocrates. How would Hippocrates explain the development of Plato's symptoms?

a) The man has a high level of black bile. b) The man's diet is lacking important nutrients. c) Evil spirits have taken hold of the man's body. d) The gods are not pleased with the man's lifestyle.

Instead of trying to memorize something verbatim, adolescents tend to extract a(n) _____ that is easier to store, retrieve, and use

A) working memory B) fuzzy trace C) heuristic D) principle