The tendency to solve problems using procedures or strategies that worked in the past on similar problems is called:
A) the availability heuristic.
B) the anchoring effect.
C) a mental set.
D) the representativeness heuristic.
Answer: C
Rationale: A mental set is a cognitive obstacle that occurs when an individual attempts to apply a routine solution to what is actually a new type of problem.
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Although the findings of case histories are not generalizable, they are useful beyond the studied
individual in that a. they may be the basis for future hypotheses. b. the findings may have been published. c. they are helpful in designing a clinical intervention for the individual. d. a variety of techniques may have been employed.
Radical determinism states that
A) the majority of behavior is caused by the environment. B) only a small amount of behavior is caused by the environment. C) approximately 50% of behavior is caused by the environment. D) all behavior is caused and that free will does not exist. E) no behavior is caused and free will determines all actions.