In the council-manage rform of city government the city council is chiefly responsible for developing public policy

According to liberals, why did 19th century German Chancellor Otto von Bismarck introduce Social Security?

a) He had a strong social conscience. b) He thought workers who felt secure would have higher morale and be more productive. c) He was foreseeing retirement problems for the current generation of workers. d) He knew the economy would be helped by private Social Security funds.

Which of these statements best explains why Stalin's Five Year Plans strengthened the Soviet bureaucracy?

a. They resulted in significant changes to Russian society. b. They required a high level of management to carry out. c. They distributed privileges unequally throughout society. d. They required expertise available only from foreign advisors.