Which of these is an example of a tax expenditure?

Although endowed with rich natural resources, Nigeria is one of the poorest countries in the world, illustrating that

a. colonialism hinders even resource-rich countries from developing. b. political and institutional development and stability and sound economic policy are necessary for growth. c. exploitation by multinational corporations can impoverish even resource-rich countries. d. resources alone provide a poor basis for economic development. e. global financial institutions work to the disadvantage of poor nations.

What are the significant problems that the United States faces in terms of the economy and the environment?

A. the continued damage caused during the 2010 BP oil spill B. the growing energy demand from China and India C. a demand for energy that is much lower per capita than in other countries D. the need to manage effluents of an industrialized society and to preserve as much of the natural environment as possible