On a variable-interval schedule, reinforcement is given _________
a) after a set amount of time has passed
b) after varying amounts of time have passed
c) after a set number of responses have been made
d) after a varying number of responses have been made
ANS: B
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In a linear relationship, as the X scores increase, the Y scores change
a. in only one direction. b. only in the negative direction. c. only in the positive direction. d. in the positive and then in the negative direction.
Which of the following statements is true?
a. Crowd crystals are more likely to be present in queues than in crowds. b. Crowds, unlike most other types of groups, are unique in that they have no structure. c. A crowd of five people is unlikely to draw people to it; ten or more individuals are needed to trigger the crowd formation process. d. Every crowd is so unique that they can be studied only using case study methods. e. Members of crowds are united by their shared focus on attention.