The collecting of relevant information in an effort to reach a conclusion is referred to as a( n ):

Based on research conducted with nonhuman animals, it is reasonable to conclude that aggression

A) may be instinctive—very few species are able to suppress aggressive urges. B) is instinctive in all species except humans. C) is not inevitable, but instead an optional strategy. D) is not instinctive, but rather solely a result of learned processes. E) is only instinctive in "lower" animals.

One criticism that is leveled against social-learning and cognitive theories is that they place too much emphasis on emotions like anxiety as important components of personality

a. true b. false