Descartes' mechanical/reflex model of behavior was the first model that contained no metaphysical elements to account for human behavior.

A pilot who sacrifices his life in a fighter-plane skirmish would be categorized as an example of _____ suicide.

A)subintentional B)egoistic C)altruistic D)anomic

Ray has trouble making friends ever since he went from grade school to junior high. Now he is an adult and trying to make friends at work. He is feeling _____ loneliness

a. transient c. chronic b. transitional d. emotional