Contemporary psychologists are most likely to consider ________ to be a human instinct.

Equifinality refers to the idea that

a. different paths may lead to the same outcome. b. a psychological disorder is caused by more than one factor. c. a disorder will have a different prognosis, depending on the individual. d. the same disorder can have multiple symptoms.

Cognitive learning theories attempt to explain how learning occurs using:

a. observation and imitation. b. unobservable mental processes. c. classical conditioning processes. d. classical, operant, and observational processes.