Vicarious conditioning is different from other types of conditioning in that it involves
a. shaping rather than punishment
b. learning without punitive consequences
c. learning without actually doing a behavior
d. acquiring new behaviors by practice
Answer: c. learning without actually doing a behavior
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Based on epidemiological research, which of the following individuals has the highest risk for anorexia nervosa?
a) Iris, a 32-year-old African-American school teacher b) Carl, a 25-year-old Caucasian construction worker c) Helen, a 16-year-old Caucasian high school athlete d) David, a 35-year-old African-American data processor
Phil is being treated for obsessive-compulsive disorder. The treatment involves gradually exposing him to the anxiety-producing situation that Phil is trying to avoid. This treatment is called:
a. anxiety therapy c. exposure therapy b. avoidance therapy d. stimulus therapy