Knowledge of the placement of participants into the various conditions of an experiment could lead to results based on subjective expectations rather than objective, as well as accurate results. What is this called?

You notice that little Charlie can now use his thumb and index finger to pick up small objects like marbles and cereal flakes. This ability is called the development of:

a. the pincer grasp b. the visually guided reach c. the fundamental flexion reflex d. dynamic reach

In the brain reward system in the mesocortical limbic pathway, exogenous opiates

a. Decrease the release of endogenous opiates. b. Increase the release of endogenous opiates. c. Result in dysphoria. d. Suppress the desire for additional opiate consumption.