According to the three-stage model of memory, when playing a memory game where Ivan is shown a tray of toys for a second and is then asked to recall as many of the toys as he can remember, Ivan is relying on his _________________.

When two- and three-year-old children realize that they have failed at a task in an experiment, they tend to do all of the following except

a. show "open" body postures b. show "closed" body postures c. express negative emotions by pouting or frowning d. equate failing at the task with failing to comply with the experimenter's instructions

How are accelerated multi-group cohort longitudinal designs accelerated?

a) By assessing smaller groups at subsequent measurements to complete the study more quickly b) By assessing overlapping groups that cover the period of interest c) By the use of retrospective measures to shorten the time period necessary for the study d) By the use of computers to administer the materials more quickly to the subjects